Results and data synthesis. Clear summaries of studies based on high quality evidence. Summary based on studies where the quality of articles may not be specified. Written by an expert or group of experts with a detailed and well grounded knowledge of the issues.
Reproduced from: Bettany-Saltikov, J. Learning how to undertake a systematic review: part 1. Nurs Stand, 24 50 , ; quiz It looks like you're using Internet Explorer 11 or older. This website works best with modern browsers such as the latest versions of Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge. If you continue with this browser, you may see unexpected results. Systematic Reviews. What is systematic review? The key characteristics of a systematic review are: a clearly stated set of objectives with pre-defined eligibility criteria for studies; an explicit, reproducible methodology ; a systematic search that attempts to identify all studies that would meet the eligibility criteria; an assessment of the validity of the findings of the included studies, for example through the assessment of risk of bias; and a systematic presentation, and synthesis, of the characteristics and findings of the included studies.
Systematic reviews vs. Protocol A peer review protocol or plan is included. Background Both provide summaries of the available literature on a topic Objectives Clear objectives are identified. Inclusion and exclusion criteria Criteria stated before the review is conducted.
Search strategy Comprehensive search conducted in a systematic way. Select Grey Literature Sources 4. Write a Search Strategy 5. Register a Protocol 6. Translate Search Strategies 7. Citation Management 8. Article Screening 9. Risk of Bias Assessment Data Extraction Video: Databases and search strategies minutes. Writing a Search Strategy Writing a Search Strategy It is recommended that you work with a librarian to help you design comprehensive search strategies across a variety of databases.
Using Boolean logic is an important component of writing a search strategy: "AND" narrows the search, e. Evidence Synthesis Search Strategy Examples Agriculture Example: Research question: What are the strategies that farmer organizations use, and what impacts do those strategies have on small-scale producers in Sub Saharan Africa and India? BMC medical research methodology, 18 1 , 5. If one already exists, check if it is too old or of poor quality or of a different focus than what you plan.
If SR already exists, look at recommendations for follow-up. Covidence: a subscription systematic review collaboration tool from a team of researchers in Australia.
Another similar but free tool from Qatar Foundation is Rayyan. For more information see SR Toolkit. If you want to do a systematic review in your field of specialization, and need a topic that best meets the needs of healthcare and health policy decision makers, we advise you to select a topic of interest from the Cochrane Priority Review List. This list contains either new titles or reviews requiring updates and is created by the Cochrane Editorial Unit. Any good systematic review begins with a protocol outlining the study methodology.
According to the National Institutes of Health NIH , a protocol serves as a road-map for the review and specifies the objectives, methods, and outcomes of primary interest of the systematic review.
The purpose of having a protocol is to promote transparency of methods and reduce bias. According to University of York the review protocol sets out the methods to be used: decisions about the review question, inclusion criteria, search strategy, study selection, data extraction, quality assessment, data synthesis and plans for dissemination.
If modifications to the protocol are required, these should be clearly documented and justified. Modifications may arise from a clearer understanding of the review question, and should not be made because of an awareness of the results of individual studies.
Registration is free and open to anyone undertaking systematic reviews of the effects of interventions and strategies to prevent, diagnose, treat, and monitor health conditions, for which there is a health related outcome. Cochrane protocols are automatically uploaded onto Prospero. For more details BioMedCentral provides guidelines on publishing protocols.
No limits were applied for language and foreign papers were translated. The last search was run on 19 June
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