Improve this question. Kumar Kumar 13 9 9 bronze badges. What are you actually trying to achieve? What do you mean by a. What will execute or use your file?
Is this related to this question? But your own answer to that question seems to be doing something completely different anyway. Take a step back and edit the question to explain what you are actually doing - including what data you're trying to load, with examples; what table structure you're putting it into; and then - if it's relevant - how your procedure fits in. Show 10 more comments. Active Oldest Votes. As a very rough outline:! Improve this answer. You must be in input mode to type text into the new file.
Type some text optional. If you want to create a blank file you can just skip this step. Otherwise, type any text you wish to add now. You can't use your mouse or the arrow keys in Vi. If you make a mistake when typing, you'll need to run a command in command mode.
Press Esc to make the arrow keys available, use them to move the cursor to the location of the mistake, and then use any of these commands: x deletes the character under the cursor. This will automatically put you back into input mode after use. See How to Learn Vi to learn about more Vi commands.
Press Esc when you're ready to save the file. This places you into command mode. Replace newfilename with the name of the file. This saves the file to the current directory. If you want to keep editing the file, press i to go back into input mode.
The next time you want to save the file, you can just type :w in command mode no file name necessary. This returns you to the command line. Method 4. Use cd to change to the desired directory optional. You'll be using the cp copy command to copy an existing file to another new file.
You'll either need to move to the directory that contains the original file or know its full path. Replace originalfile with the name of the file you want to copy, and newfile with the name of the desired new file. This creates a new file that contains the contents of the old file. If the load is discontinued, only the rows that were processed up to the time of the last commit operation are loaded.
There is no partial commit of data. In a direct path load, the behavior of a discontinued load varies depending on the reason the load was discontinued. This means that when you continue the load, the value you specify for the SKIP parameter may be different for different tables.
If a fatal error is encountered, the load is stopped and no data is saved unless ROWS was specified at the beginning of the load. In that case, all data that was previously committed is saved. This means that the value of the SKIP parameter will be the same for all tables. When a load is discontinued, any data already loaded remains in the tables, and the tables are left in a valid state.
If the conventional path is used, all indexes are left in a valid state. If the direct path load method is used, any indexes that run out of space are left in an unusable state. You must drop these indexes before the load can continue. You can re-create the indexes either before continuing or after the load completes. Other indexes are valid if no other errors occurred. See Indexes Left in an Unusable State for other reasons why an index might be left in an unusable state.
Use this information to resume the load where it left off. To continue the discontinued load, use the SKIP parameter to specify the number of logical records that have already been processed by the previous load.
At the time the load is discontinued, the value for SKIP is written to the log file in a message similar to the following:. This message specifying the value of the SKIP parameter is preceded by a message indicating why the load was discontinued.
Note that for multiple-table loads, the value of the SKIP parameter is displayed only if it is the same for all tables. However, there may still be situations in which you may want to do so. At some point, when you want to combine those multiple physical records back into one logical record, you can use one of the following clauses, depending on your data:. In the following example, integer specifies the number of physical records to combine.
For example, two records might be combined if a pound sign were in byte position 80 of the first record. If any other character were there, the second record would not be added to the first. If the condition is true in the current record, then the next physical record is read and concatenated to the current physical record, continuing until the condition is false.
If the condition is false, then the current physical record becomes the last physical record of the current logical record. THIS is the default. If the condition is true in the next record, then the current physical record is concatenated to the current logical record, continuing until the condition is false.
For the equal operator, the field and comparison string must match exactly for the condition to be true. For the not equal operator, they may differ in any character. This test is similar to THIS, but the test is always against the last nonblank character. If the last nonblank character in the current physical record meets the test, then the next physical record is read and concatenated to the current physical record, continuing until the condition is false.
If the condition is false in the current record, then the current physical record is the last physical record of the current logical record. Specifies the starting and ending column numbers in the physical record.
Column numbers start with 1. Either a hyphen or a colon is acceptable start - end or start : end. If you omit end, the length of the continuation field is the length of the byte string or character string. If you use end, and the length of the resulting continuation field is not the same as that of the byte string or the character string, the shorter one is padded.
Character strings are padded with blanks, hexadecimal strings with zeros. A string of characters to be compared to the continuation field defined by start and end, according to the operator. The string must be enclosed in double or single quotation marks.
The comparison is made character by character, blank padding on the right if necessary. A string of bytes in hexadecimal format used in the same way as str. X'1FB would represent the three bytes with values 1F, B0, and 33 hexadecimal. The default is to exclude them. This is the only time you refer to positions in physical records. All other references are to logical records. That is, data values are allowed to span the records with no extra characters continuation characters in the middle.
Assume that you have physical records 14 bytes long and that a period represents a space:. Assume that you have the same physical records as in Example Note that columns 1 and 2 are not removed from the physical records when the logical records are assembled. Therefore, the logical records are assembled as follows the same results as for Example It defines the relationship between records in the datafile and tables in the database.
The specification of fields and datatypes is described in later sections. The table must already exist. If the table is not in the user's schema, then the user must either use a synonym to reference the table or include the schema name as part of the table name for example, scott. That method overrides the global table-loading method. The following sections discuss using these options to load data into empty and nonempty tables.
It requires the table to be empty before loading. After the rows are successfully deleted, a commit is issued. You cannot recover the data that was in the table before the load, unless it was saved with Export or a comparable utility. If data does not already exist, the new rows are simply loaded. The row deletes cause any delete triggers defined on the table to fire. For more information on cascaded deletes, see the information about data integrity in Oracle9i Database Concepts.
To update existing rows, use the following procedure:. It is only valid for a parallel load. Parameters for Parallel Direct Path Loads. You can choose to load or discard a logical record by using the WHEN clause to test a condition in the record. The WHEN clause appears after the table name and is followed by one or more field conditions.
For example, the following clause indicates that any record with the value "q" in the fifth column position should be loaded:. Parentheses are optional, but should be used for clarity with multiple comparisons joined by AND, for example:. If all data fields are terminated similarly in the datafile, you can use the FIELDS clause to indicate the default delimiters. Terminator strings can contain one or more characters. You can override the delimiter for any given column by specifying it after the column name.
Assume that the preceding data is read with the following control file and the record ends after dname:. In this case, the remaining loc field is set to null. This option inserts each index entry directly into the index, one record at a time. Instead, index entries are put into a separate, temporary storage area and merged with the original index at the end of the load. This method achieves better performance and produces an optimal index, but it requires extra storage space.
Directories are analogous to Macintosh and Windows folders. Each file and directory has a name. Within a directory, each item that is, each file or directory must have a unique name, but items with the same name may exist in more than one directory.
A directory may have the same name as one of the items it contains. File and directory names may be up to characters long. Names may use almost any character except a space. Some characters have special meanings to Unix. It is best to avoid using these characters in file names:. Unix is case-sensitive. Terminate file entry by typing Control-d on a line by itself. Hold down the Control key and type d. On your screen, you will see:. To make a duplicate copy of a file, use the command cp. For example, to create an exact copy of the file called firstfile, you would type:.
This results in two files with different names, each containing the same information. The cp command works by overwriting information. If you create a different file called thirdfile and then type the following command:. Unix does not have a command specifically for renaming files. Instead, the mv command is used both to change the name of a file and to move a file into a different directory.
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